Wednesday, October 08, 2025 | By: Walter Hodges
Pedro Saldaña from CESA Cerámica holds a small flower pot that he has just finished painting and firing in his small kiln. The blue and white color is a traditional Mexican ceramic color combination. The floral design is more of a talavera conceptual style brought from Moorish Spain in the 1500’s.
Ceramics in Mexico have been around for a long time and then some. Scanning the horizon backwards from today, the native Otomi and Chichimeca tribes of North Central Mexico were doing a rough form of utilitarian ceramics, which they fired in open pits 3,000 years ago.
The Spanish brought glazed ceramic techniques with intricate designs called Talavera de la Reina to the town of Puebla near Mexico City. From there this new idea of labor intensive, artistic ceramics called Talavera spread across all of what would be called New Spain. Puebla was the birthplace of the artistic form we recognize as Talavera. The pieces are incredible, with milky white tin blazed backgrounds, detailed designs, and a limited specific color pallet. These amazing pieces are made to be displayed as art. You look at them; you don't touch much.
Sara Damian Arredondo is the artist who is painting the black outline of a dress design on a new dancing Catrina ceramic at La Catrina. The process is called Trazo. In the next step, the white spaces will be filled in with colors by a ceramic painter. This is a perfect example of local folk art ceramics work in Dolores.
Like a number of other raw material-rich towns in Mexico, Dolores Hidalgo, near San Miguel de Allende, became an important hub of ceramics in Central Mexico. Over time, with the help of the initial help of the priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla. Dolores made a critical decision to alter the laborious Puebla approach to ceramic production. Dolores learned how to make ceramics stronger, using cheaper materials. This made ceramics more affordable to the average person. Also, they opened up the color pallets to include a spectacular color range and added more non-Spanish traditional Mexican subjects like rural and urban land and cityscapes, birds, animals and flowers. In the 40's, Dolores figured out mass production techniques. Instead of pure artisanal approaches they made things people could use, like tile, vases, pots, kitchen plates, cups and bathroom sinks, as well as stunning folk art and religious themed forms. These decisions made ceramics from Dolores available to everyone, and opened up a worldwide marketplace for this type of Mexican ceramics. They can't call their products Talavera, because Puebla now legally owns that name. But Dolores outsells Puebla, making ceramics for use in everyday life, as well as a more unconfined leisurely folk art form.
Ceramics started tugging on my coat a few months ago. We, Margo Lwna, my interpreter/partner and I, started making trips to Dolores and talking with producers. Margo handled introductions and smoothed over the rough edges. We shook some hands and kissed a few babies. You know the routine. As an expat from the US who doesn't speak Spanish, I've learned that when you move from another country you will not succeed without using your most precious possession - You need to smile. Do that, be polite and make the experience of knowing you a fun one. The rest will come. Not as fast as you want, but it will come.
Beatrix Rocha Ledezma does some final retouching on a huge ceramic vase (Copa gigante de autor) in the lobby of La Catrina. The design on the vase is an example of extemporaneous contemporary work by artists working together in the factory. It is not a traditional Mexican design.
Ceramics in Mexico is a massive story. To talk about the whole country would be crazy. So I'm headed into Dolores Hidalgo to try to understand where this all comes from on a local level. I've been told there are something like 250 separate workshops that produce ceramics just around Dolores. I won't even get close to comprehensive, but I'll spend the next months looking far more closely at the basic outline of ceramic styles.
I've only been to a couple workshops in Dolores so far, but the three images included in this article give a brief look at where this might be going. I look at these images and I'm pressed to admit, this here is gonna be a good one. And we're just getting started.
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